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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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020689
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02068900.025
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1990-09-17
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WORLD, Page 48SOVIET UNIONOne Man, One Vote, One MessThe country's first contested elections bring confusion andconflictBy Paul Hofheinz/MOSCOW
On a drizzly Sunday morning, more than 1,400 people jammed into
a run-down 660-seat auditorium in the Cinematographers Union
building in Moscow. Elderly men with flowing beards, their chests
covered with World War II decorations, pressed against the walls
while young activists scurried up and down the aisles distributing
pink cards to eligible voters. On the podium sat a frail man, his
bald head glistening in the light. Andrei Sakharov, 67, cleared his
throat and began reading. "My political program has been formed
over the years," he said. "Unconditional release of all political
prisoners . . ." The crowd erupted in stormy applause.
Muscovites had gathered not just to hear Sakharov speak (an
event that would have been unthinkable only three years ago) but
also to nominate the respected dissident as their candidate for the
Congress of People's Deputies, a new 2,250-member legislative body
that will convene in April. "Never, never did I think it would lead
to this," marveled a young man. "Sakharov a deputy to the Supreme
Soviet. Who could have imagined?"
Imagination remains in order, since last week the Soviet Union
completed only the initial stage of a dizzyingly complex election
campaign, the first contested balloting in the country's history.
Although the period for proposing candidates ended last Tuesday,
potential nominees must still pass through a maze of ill-defined
voter meetings before they win a spot on the March 26 ballot.
Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev hopes the more open method
of selecting candidates will provide a jolt for his lagging
reforms. As he explained during the Supreme Soviet that convened
in November to approve the procedures, "If we do not carry out a
political reform to back up the processes that are now under way
in the economy, the restructuring drive will inevitably begin to
falter."
For the Soviets, the new system is nothing less than
revolutionary. Instead of being presented with the name of a single
party-approved candidate, voters will pick from a slate of several
nominees. Moreover, the elections will be conducted by secret
ballot. But because of the complex, overlapping rules, the route
from nomination to election is difficult to understand and often
seems open to manipulation. The new law makes nominating candidates
so confusing that some sessions have degenerated into brawls as
factions accused one another of exploiting the fuzzy regulations
to rig the outcome.
At a gathering called two weeks ago to nominate Vitali
Korotich, editor of the pro-glasnost weekly Ogonyok, the
candidate's backers fell into a fistfight with members of the
ultra-right nationalist group Pamyat. Arriving at the rescheduled
meeting last week, supporters of the Ogonyok editor found that
militiamen had sealed the hall. Fearing that right-wingers were
trying to exclude them from the meeting, Korotich supporters broke
down a fence and stormed the building.
Elsewhere, public organizations met to select the candidates
for the 750 seats that will be allotted to them in the new
parliament. To the surprise of some members of the organizations,
the groups elected a decidedly conservative slate of delegates.
Many well-known perestroika supporters were passed over. The
writers' union failed to nominate poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, and the
Academy of Sciences turned down physicist Roald Sagdeyev, whose
calls for more perestroika have made him an increasingly popular
figure.
As news spread that the social organizations were not backing
the more radical proponents of perestroika, local groups formed in
regular electoral districts to nominate many of those who had been
passed over. After the Communist Party left former Moscow party
leader Boris Yeltsin off its list of 100 candidates, 22 voters'
groups around the country moved to draft him as their
representative.Sakharov was nominated by an anti-Stalinist group
at last week's session in the Cinematographers Union building, but
only after the Academy of Sciences failed to select him.
Amid the confusion, candidates found themselves pitted against
unexpected opponents. Voters who gathered in support of Sakharov
learned that they may have nominated the human-rights activist to
stand against maverick Communist Yeltsin. "It seems a waste," said
a disgruntled voter. "Why do they have to run against each other?"
Both candidates can still choose from several nominations, so a
confrontation between the two is not inevitable. And whatever the
shortcomings of the system, most voters seem to find the new
procedures exhilarating. "At least we have some say in who will
lead us," noted a 63-year-old Soviet who has participated in every
election since 1947. "In the past, we didn't have any."